![]() ![]() ![]() Accordingly, this mutant mouse should provide a useful animal model for investigation of human diseases that are affected in the peripheral cholinergic functions. In addition, we have found prominent urinary retention only in the male, which indicates a considerable sex difference in the micturition mechanism. However, M 3-mediated signals in digestive and reproductive organs are dispensable, likely because of redundant mechanisms through other muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes or other mediators. Here, we have constructed and analyzed mutant mice lacking the M 3 receptor and have demonstrated that this subtype plays key roles in salivary secretion, pupillary constriction, and bladder detrusor contractions. In the periphery, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate cholinergic signals to autonomic organs, but specific physiological functions of each subtype remain poorly elucidated. ![]() Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors consist of five distinct subtypes and have been important targets for drug development. ![]()
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February 2023
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